INTERNATIONALIZATION(I18N)
Introduction
It is the process of developing web
application so that it can be used in any environment. That supports various
languages and various countries, with out making any changes in the application
we can achieve this by using following classes.
1) Locale: To represent a particular
region.
2) NumberFormat: For formatting
Numbers.
3) DateFormat: For formatting Dates.
Locale Class
A Locale object represents a
particular region with respect to country (or) language. It is a final class
available in java.util package and implements Serializable and Clonable
interfaces.
Construction of Locale Objects
We can construct the Locale Object
by using the following Locale class constructor.
1) Locale l = new Locale(String
Language);
2) Locale l = new Locale(String
Language, String Country);
Locale class already defined some
standard locale objects in the form of constants.
Ex: public static final Locale UK
public static final Locale ITALY
Important methods of Locale Class
1) public tatic Locale getDefault():
Returns the default locale configure in JVM.
2) public static void
setDefault(Locale l) To set our own Locale.
3) public String getCountry();
4) public String
getDisplayCountry();
5) public String getLanguages();
6) public String
getDisplayLanguages();
7) public static String[]
getISOCountries()
Returns ISO countries supported by
the JVM.
8) public static String[]
getISOLanguages();
9) public static Locale[]
getAvailableLocales();
Ex
import java.util.*;
class LocaleDemo1
{
public
static void main(String arg[])
{
Locale
l = Locale.getDefault();
System.out.println(l.getCountry()+"..."+l.getLanguage());
System.out.println(l.getDisplayCountry()+"..."+l.getDisplayLanguage());
Locale
l2 = new Locale("pa","IN");
Locale.setDefault(l2);
String
s3[] = Locale.getISOLanguages();
for
(String s4: s3)
{
System.out.println(s4);
}
String
s5[] = Locale.getISOCountries();
for
(String s6: s5)
{
System.out.println(s6);
}
Locale
l3[] = Locale.getAvailableLocales();
for
(Locale l4: l3)
{
System.out.println(l4);
System.out.println(l4.getDisplayCountry()+"....."+l4.getDisplayLanguage());
}
}
}
NumberFormat Class
We can use this class for formatting
the numbers according to a particular Locale. This class is available in java.text
package.
Getting Number Format object for
default locate NumberFormat class contains the following factory methods to get
NumberFormat Object
.
Important methods of NumberFormat
Class
1) public static NumberFormat
getInstance();
2) public static NumberFormat
getCurrencyInstance();
3) public static NumberFormat
getPercentInstance();
4) public static NumberFormat
getNumberInstance();
Getting NumberFormat Object for a
particular locale we have to pass the corresponding locale object as the
argument to the above methods. public static NumberFormat
getCurrencyInstance(Locale l)
NumberFormat class contains the
following methods for converting a java number to the Locale Specific number
form.
àString
format(long l)
à
String format(double d)
NumberFormat class contains the
following method for converting Locale specific form to java
NumberForm
Number parse(String s) throws
parseException.
Consider the java number 123456.789
represents this no in ITALY CHINA
Ex:
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
class NumberFormatDemo
{
public
static void main(String[] args)
{
double
d1 = 123456.789;
Locale
india
NumberFormat
nf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(india
System.out.println("India
Notation is ....." + nf.format(d1));
NumberFormat
nf1 =
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(Locale.ITALY);
System.out.println("Italy
Notation is ....." + nf1.format(d1));
NumberFormat
nf2 =
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(Locale.CHINA);
System.out.println("China
Notation is ....." + nf2.format(d1));
NumberFormat
nf3 =
NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(Locale.US);
System.out.println("US
Notation is ....." + nf3.format(d1));
}
}
O/P:- India
US
Notation is ---------$123.456.79
Setting max/min integer and fraction
digits:
NumberFormat class contains the
following methods for specifying max and min fraction and integer digits.
1) public void setMaximamIntegerDigits(int
n);
2) public void
setMinimumIntegerDigits(int n);
3) public void
setMaximamFractionDigits(int n);
4) public void
setMinimumFractionDigits(int n);
NumberFormat nf =
NumberFormat.getInstance();
Case1:-
nf.setMaximumIntegerDigits(4);
System.out.println(nf.format(123456.789));
à
3,456.789
Case2:-
nf.setMinimumIntegerDigits(4);
System.out.println(nf.format(12.456));
à
0012.456
Case3:-
nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);
System.out.println(nf.format(123456.789));
à
123,456.79
Case4:-
nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(3);
System.out.println(nf.format(123.4));
à 123.400
DateFormat Class
DateFormat class can be used for
formatting the dates according to a particular locale. DateFormat class is available
in java.text package. DateFormat class is an abstract class we can’t create an
object by using the constructor.
DateFormat df = new DateFormat(); à
C.E
Creation of DateFormat Object for a
default loacale
DateFormat class contains the
following methods to get DateFormat Objects.
public static DateFormat
getDateInstance();
public static DateFormat
getDateInstance();
public static DateFormat
getDateInstance(int style)
Where style is DateFormats
FULL – 0
LONG-1
MEDIUM-2
SHORT-3
Creation of DateFormat Object for a
specific Locale
public static DateFormat
getDateInstance(int style, Locale l)
DateFormat class contain the
following method for converting java Date form to Locale specific form.
String format(Date d)
DateFormat class contain the
following method for converting Locale Specific form to java Date form.
Date parse(String s)throws
parseException
The program to display the current
system date in all possible styles according to US Locale
Ex:
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
class DateFormatDemo
{
public
static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Full
form is --" +
DateFormat.getDateInstance(0).format(new
Date()));
System.out.println("Long
form is --" +
DateFormat.getDateInstance(1).format(new
Date()));
System.out.println("Medium
form is --" +
DateFormat.getDateInstance(2).format(new
Date()));
System.out.println("Short
form is --" +
DateFormat.getDateInstance(3).format(new
Date()));
}
}
O/P:-
Full form is – Monday, November 05, 2012
Long form is – November 05, 2012
Medium form is – Nov 05, 2012
Short form is – 11/05/12
The Demo program for displaying the
current date according to UK ITALY
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
class DateFormatDemo
{
public
static void main(String[] args)
{
DateFormat
UK
DateFormat
US
DateFormat
ITALY
System.out.println("UK
Style is --" + UK.format(new Date()));
System.out.println("US
Style is --" + US.format(new Date()));
System.out.println("ITALY
Style is --" + ITALY.format(new Date()));
}
}
O/P:-
US Style is – Monday, November 05, 2012
Creation of DateFormat Object for
representing both Date and Time
The following are the constructors
for representing both Data and Time.
public static DateFormat
getDateTimeInstance();
public static DateFormat
getDateTimeInstance(int dateStyle, int timeStyle);
public static DateFormat
getDateTimeInstance(int dateStyle, int timeStyle, Locale l)
Ex:
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
class DateFormatDemo
{
public
static void main(String[] args)
{
DateFormat
ITALY
System.out.println("ITALY
Style is --" + ITALY.format(new Date()));
}
}
O/P:-
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